See cruth on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "cruths",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cruth (plural cruths)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "crwth"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of crwth."
],
"id": "en-cruth-en-noun-YnHwH7zP",
"links": [
[
"crwth",
"crwth#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "cruth"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "anchruth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "change of shape",
"translation": "change of shape",
"word": "athchruth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "beathachruth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "buanchruth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-chruthach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "comhchruthach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "creatchruth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "shapely",
"translation": "shapely",
"word": "cruthach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "create",
"translation": "create",
"word": "cruthaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "form line",
"translation": "form line",
"word": "cruthlíne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "shapely",
"translation": "shapely",
"word": "cruthúil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dea-chruthach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "droch-chruthach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ilchruthach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "polymorphism",
"translation": "polymorphism",
"word": "ilchruthacht"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "imchruth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "leabhairchruth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "míchruthach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "scáthchruth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "wave shape",
"translation": "wave shape",
"word": "tonnchruth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ubhchruth"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"cruth",
"cruth#Old_Irish"
],
[
"*kʷritus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷritus"
],
[
"kʷer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷer-"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "cruth",
"t": "shape, form"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cruth (“shape, form”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kʷritus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷritus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-",
"t": "to do, make"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish cruth (“shape, form”), from Proto-Celtic *kʷritus, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crutha",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruthanna",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "an cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na cruthanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an chrutha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na gcruthanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an gcruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don chruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na cruthanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "cruthanna",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "crutha",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive singular crutha, nominative plural cruthanna)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "~a",
"3": "~anna"
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive singular crutha, nominative plural cruthanna)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"shape, appearance"
],
"id": "en-cruth-ga-noun-UiQ30~US",
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"state, condition"
],
"id": "en-cruth-ga-noun-SWBU1i4m",
"links": [
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 14 39 4 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"manner, mode"
],
"id": "en-cruth-ga-noun-soH3q2RD",
"links": [
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"mode",
"mode"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠɞh/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠɯh/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠʊ(h)/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "cruth"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cruith",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruitheacha",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "an cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na cruitheacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an chruith",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na gcruitheacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an gcruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don chruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na cruitheacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition"
]
},
{
"form": "gcruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "cruitheacha",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "cruith",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive singular cruith, nominative plural cruitheacha)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "cruith",
"3": "cruitheacha"
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive singular cruith, nominative plural cruitheacha)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "horseshoe",
"word": "crú"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ulster Irish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 4 15 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 14 39 4 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 9 45 3 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ulster form of crú (“horseshoe”)"
],
"id": "en-cruth-ga-noun-GoJAG09L",
"links": [
[
"crú",
"crú#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"Ulster",
"alt-of",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠɞh/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠɯh/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠʊ(h)/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "cruth"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cruthaigidir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dochrud"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "in chrud so"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "in chruth sin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sochrud"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "cruth"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "croo"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "cruth"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kʷritus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷritus"
],
[
"pryd",
"pryd#Welsh"
],
[
"*kʷer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷer-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kʷritus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷritus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "pryd"
},
"expansion": "Welsh pryd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-",
"t": "to do, make"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kʷritus (compare Welsh pryd), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crotha",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine u-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "crothae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crothu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "crothu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crotho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crotha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crotho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crotha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crothae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crothaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "crothaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "chruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "crotha",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive crotha)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "crotha"
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive crotha)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "croth",
"g": "m",
"nom_sg2": "crud"
},
"name": "sga-decl-u"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "cruth+L",
"acc_du2": "crud",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "crothu",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "cruth+N",
"acc_sg2": "crud",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "u-m",
"dat_du": "crothaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "crothaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "cruth+L",
"dat_sg2": "crud",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "crotho+L",
"gen_du2": "crotha+L",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_du4": "",
"gen_pl": "crothae+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "crotho+H",
"gen_sg2": "crotha+H",
"gen_sg3": "",
"gen_sg4": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "cruth+L",
"nom_du2": "crud",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "crothae+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_pl4": "",
"nom_sg": "cruth",
"nom_sg2": "crud",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "cruth+L",
"voc_du2": "crud",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "crothu",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "cruth",
"voc_sg2": "crud",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"form, shape"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-cruth-sga-noun-brVzy2zf",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 14 39 4 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 9 45 3 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"manner, way (used adverbially)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-cruth-sga-noun-WXqGgm-u",
"links": [
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"way",
"way"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾuθ/"
}
],
"word": "cruth"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"cruth",
"cruth#Old_Irish"
],
[
"*kʷritus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷritus"
],
[
"*kʷer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷer-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "cruth",
"t": "shape, form"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cruth (“shape, form”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kʷritus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷritus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-",
"t": "to do, make"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish cruth (“shape, form”), from Proto-Celtic *kʷritus, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crutha",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruthan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cruthannan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "chruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "crutha",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "plural",
"2": "noun",
"20": "cruthan",
"21": "or",
"22": "cruthannan",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "{{{pl4}}}",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "genitive singular",
"cat2": "",
"f10accel-form": "p",
"f11accel-form": "genpl",
"f1accel-form": "dat|s",
"f2accel-form": "dat|s",
"f3accel-form": "dat|s",
"f4accel-form": "gen|s",
"f5accel-form": "gen|s",
"f6accel-form": "gen|s",
"f7accel-form": "gen|s",
"f8accel-form": "p",
"f9accel-form": "p",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive singular crutha, plural cruthan or cruthannan)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gen": "crutha",
"pl": "cruthan",
"pl2": "cruthannan"
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive singular crutha, plural cruthan or cruthannan)",
"name": "gd-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cruth-clò"
},
{
"word": "cruth-tìre"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shape, form"
],
"id": "en-cruth-gd-noun-yzMp5CiQ",
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cumadh"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɾuh/"
}
],
"word": "cruth"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "cruths",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cruth (plural cruths)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "crwth"
}
],
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of crwth."
],
"links": [
[
"crwth",
"crwth#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "cruth"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish first-declension nouns",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish masculine nouns",
"Irish nouns",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷer-",
"Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish third-declension nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "anchruth"
},
{
"english": "change of shape",
"translation": "change of shape",
"word": "athchruth"
},
{
"word": "beathachruth"
},
{
"word": "buanchruth"
},
{
"word": "-chruthach"
},
{
"word": "comhchruthach"
},
{
"word": "creatchruth"
},
{
"english": "shapely",
"translation": "shapely",
"word": "cruthach"
},
{
"english": "create",
"translation": "create",
"word": "cruthaigh"
},
{
"english": "form line",
"translation": "form line",
"word": "cruthlíne"
},
{
"english": "shapely",
"translation": "shapely",
"word": "cruthúil"
},
{
"word": "dea-chruthach"
},
{
"word": "droch-chruthach"
},
{
"word": "ilchruthach"
},
{
"english": "polymorphism",
"translation": "polymorphism",
"word": "ilchruthacht"
},
{
"word": "imchruth"
},
{
"word": "leabhairchruth"
},
{
"word": "míchruthach"
},
{
"word": "scáthchruth"
},
{
"english": "wave shape",
"translation": "wave shape",
"word": "tonnchruth"
},
{
"word": "ubhchruth"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"cruth",
"cruth#Old_Irish"
],
[
"*kʷritus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷritus"
],
[
"kʷer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷer-"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "cruth",
"t": "shape, form"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cruth (“shape, form”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kʷritus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷritus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-",
"t": "to do, make"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish cruth (“shape, form”), from Proto-Celtic *kʷritus, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crutha",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruthanna",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "an cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na cruthanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an chrutha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na gcruthanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an gcruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don chruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na cruthanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "cruthanna",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "crutha",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive singular crutha, nominative plural cruthanna)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "~a",
"3": "~anna"
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive singular crutha, nominative plural cruthanna)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"shape, appearance"
],
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"state, condition"
],
"links": [
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"manner, mode"
],
"links": [
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"mode",
"mode"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠɞh/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠɯh/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠʊ(h)/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "cruth"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish first-declension nouns",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish masculine nouns",
"Irish nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cruith",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruitheacha",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "an cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na cruitheacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an chruith",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na gcruitheacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an gcruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don chruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na cruitheacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition"
]
},
{
"form": "gcruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "cruitheacha",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "cruith",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive singular cruith, nominative plural cruitheacha)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "cruith",
"3": "cruitheacha"
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive singular cruith, nominative plural cruitheacha)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "horseshoe",
"word": "crú"
}
],
"categories": [
"Ulster Irish"
],
"glosses": [
"Ulster form of crú (“horseshoe”)"
],
"links": [
[
"crú",
"crú#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"Ulster",
"alt-of",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠɞh/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠɯh/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠʊ(h)/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "cruth"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine u-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷer-",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cruthaigidir"
},
{
"word": "dochrud"
},
{
"word": "in chrud so"
},
{
"word": "in chruth sin"
},
{
"word": "sochrud"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "cruth"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "croo"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "cruth"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kʷritus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷritus"
],
[
"pryd",
"pryd#Welsh"
],
[
"*kʷer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷer-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kʷritus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷritus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "pryd"
},
"expansion": "Welsh pryd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-",
"t": "to do, make"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kʷritus (compare Welsh pryd), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crotha",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine u-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "crothae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crothu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "crothu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crotho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crotha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crotho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crotha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crothae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crothaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "crothaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "chruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "crotha",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive crotha)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "crotha"
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive crotha)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "croth",
"g": "m",
"nom_sg2": "crud"
},
"name": "sga-decl-u"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "cruth+L",
"acc_du2": "crud",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "crothu",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "cruth+N",
"acc_sg2": "crud",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "u-m",
"dat_du": "crothaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "crothaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "cruth+L",
"dat_sg2": "crud",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "crotho+L",
"gen_du2": "crotha+L",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_du4": "",
"gen_pl": "crothae+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "crotho+H",
"gen_sg2": "crotha+H",
"gen_sg3": "",
"gen_sg4": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "cruth+L",
"nom_du2": "crud",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "crothae+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_pl4": "",
"nom_sg": "cruth",
"nom_sg2": "crud",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "cruth+L",
"voc_du2": "crud",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "crothu",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "cruth",
"voc_sg2": "crud",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"form, shape"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"manner, way (used adverbially)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"way",
"way"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾuθ/"
}
],
"word": "cruth"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "cruth-clò"
},
{
"word": "cruth-tìre"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"cruth",
"cruth#Old_Irish"
],
[
"*kʷritus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷritus"
],
[
"*kʷer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷer-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "cruth",
"t": "shape, form"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cruth (“shape, form”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kʷritus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷritus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-",
"t": "to do, make"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish cruth (“shape, form”), from Proto-Celtic *kʷritus, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crutha",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruthan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cruthannan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "chruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "crutha",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "plural",
"2": "noun",
"20": "cruthan",
"21": "or",
"22": "cruthannan",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "{{{pl4}}}",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "genitive singular",
"cat2": "",
"f10accel-form": "p",
"f11accel-form": "genpl",
"f1accel-form": "dat|s",
"f2accel-form": "dat|s",
"f3accel-form": "dat|s",
"f4accel-form": "gen|s",
"f5accel-form": "gen|s",
"f6accel-form": "gen|s",
"f7accel-form": "gen|s",
"f8accel-form": "p",
"f9accel-form": "p",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive singular crutha, plural cruthan or cruthannan)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gen": "crutha",
"pl": "cruthan",
"pl2": "cruthannan"
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive singular crutha, plural cruthan or cruthannan)",
"name": "gd-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic masculine nouns",
"Scottish Gaelic nouns",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷer-",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"gd-noun 2"
],
"glosses": [
"shape, form"
],
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cumadh"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɾuh/"
}
],
"word": "cruth"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cruth meaning in All languages combined (16.2kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"cruth"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cruth",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"cruth"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cruth",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cruth/Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"cruth"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cruth",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, cruth/Old Irish",
"path": [
"cruth"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cruth",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"cruth"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cruth",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/20250114",
"msg": "Negatively nested table braces, couldn't split inflection section, cruth/Irish section declension",
"path": [
"cruth"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cruth",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/20250114",
"msg": "Negatively nested table braces, couldn't split inflection section, cruth/Irish section declension",
"path": [
"cruth"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cruth",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.